Communication by electromagnetic waves



Oct. 13, 1931. s. VON ARCO l ,827,054

, COHIUNICATION BY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES Filed Oct. 18, 1926 l/ERTZ/Oll 030114701? 6800/1050 05C/ZMTOR COUPLING 00/1. MCATED A714 P07N7IA [700E TRANSMITTER INVENTOR GEORG VON ARCO TRANSMITTER 4 TTORNEY Patented Oct. 13, 1931 UNITED STATES "rarsNr,for-FlCE G'EOEG Von TELEGRAPHIE M. B'. 11., 01?

A1100, or BERLIN, ennivianxnssrenon r ensnrmscnnrr run nnnnrrnosn BERLIN, GERMANY,

.A' CORPORATION OF GERMANY COMMUNICATION BY ELECTRO AGNETIC waves Application filed October 18, 1926, Serial No. 142,453, and in Germany October 20, 1925.

This invention relates to the transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves, and

the antennae and other apparatus used therefor.

The antennae which have heretofore been used in wireless intelligence transmission were always built in such a manner that the radiation issuing therefrom was not uniformly strong in all directions. In the ordinary vertical antenna which is excited at its fundamental wave, maximum radiation oc' ours in the equatorial plane, and no radiation occurs in the direction of the antenna itself. For the purposes of space radiation, i. e., radiation adapted to send relatively large volumes of energy into the higher strata of the atmosphere, the present invention consists in that the electromagnetic waves are radiated as far as feasible in a uniform way in several, or many,'or all ions, so that the energy is propagated from the transmitter in a diffuse manner, while the receiver is so designed that it is capable of picking up waves as completely as possible even tho coming from difierent directions. The invention is especially, but not exclusively, applicable to long distance transmission at short wave lengths.

One antenna arrangement in which the basic idea of the invention may into practice is an arrangement in which a series of linear oscillators is disposed with varying altitude and azimuthal angles. For instance, in the ultimate, the arrangement could have all of the individual antennae or aerial elements extend in the directions of,

the radii of'a sphere. There may be a relatively great number of rod shaped antennae excited centrally, and disposed in different directions in such a fashion that half their length in radial direction starts from a center. One characteristic feature of such an antenna system is that in any one plane there is a row of antennae disposed in star-fashion. in many cases, such an antenna arrangement in a single plane or in part of one, may be suiiicient. This plane may be horizontal, or tilted, and the angle of inclination of the plane with reference to the horizontal, and the direction line of the normal to the interdirec-' be carried sectionof the antenna plane and the horizontal planeare governed by the relation of the transmission "and" receiving pOlIl'tS;

course, the'more general case is where a great number of such star-shaped or compass like quence, fluctuations in intensity at the'receiving-station which depend upon the optical conditions of the atmospheric strata are'diminished. At the receiving end it is a good plan to use a corresponding antenna system in'which'all of the antennae are connectedto a common receiver} in order that the energy of the incoming oscillations from various directions may be supplied to the receiver.

The component antennae at the transmission end may be excited simultaneously, or else a somewhat similar eifect may be obvtainedby using a vibrating ray produced by excitation of the individual antennae consecutively at very short intervals.

The specification is accompanied by illustrative drawings.

Figure 1 is a single ungrounded oscillator;

Figure 2 shows a group of such oscillators arranged star fashion in a single plane;

Tligure 3 is a single groundedoscillator; an

Figure 4 shows a oscillators.

The antenna system comprises a plurality of linear oscillators. The ungrounded and. groundedtypes are illustrated by Figures 1 and 3 respectively. I Figure 2 shows how a plurality of oscil-' lators such as have been indicated in Figure 1 maybe arranged at various angles in a single plane, the angle of elevation of which is 0:. As was before explained, a plurality of such star shaped systems may be employed the planes of which have differing of elevation. a

y In Figure i a num er of grounded linear" plurality of grounded angles 1 oscillators are indicated, these being located in a plane having an angle of elevation 0:. A number of such sets of oscillators may be used in planes having diflering angles of elevation, and if these are arranged to intersect at the coupling coil the linear oscillators Will in efiect form the radii of a portion of a sphere, as is indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 4. Of course, if a similar arrangement is employed for the ungrounded oscillators indicated in Figures 1 and 2 the outline will more nearly approximate a complete sphere.

I claim: a

1. An antenna system for transmitting electromagnetic Waves comprising a number of antennas positioned in the directions of the radii of a sphere, groups of the antennae being connected together, a reactance at the intersection of the radii of the sphere for coupling the groups together, a transmitter, and means coupling the transmitter to the different component antennae through said reactance at the intersection of the radii of the sphere.

2. An antenna system for transmitting electromagnetic Waves comprising a number of antennae positioned in the directions of the radii of a sphere, so that in each of a plurality of planes through the center of the sphere there are a plurality of linear oscillators are ranged in the directions of the radii of a circle, a reactance connected to the antennae at their intersection and means for supplying high frequency energy to the reactance.

GEORG v. ARGO. 

